Leadership Styles And Theories

Leadership Styles And Theories Jack Welch Leadership Styles Jack Welch was CEO and chairman of one of the world successful companies, General Electric. He began his career with General Electric Company in 1960 and became the Companys 8th Chairman and CEO in 1981. During his 20-year reign at GE, the market capitalization of company increased from $13 billion to $400 billion, while revenues grew from $27 billion to $125 billion and earnings grew tenfold to almost $14 billion. According to Fortune magazine, he was named â€Å"Manager of the Century† in 2000 (Welch, J Welch, S 2008). Welch had not only brought to company the increasing in profits and financial gains but also brought to GE the creative and innovative theories in the way of operating an organization. Welchs theories on leadership and management were evaluated as perfect principles in organizational effectiveness. One of leaderships theories that Jack Welch successfully applied to General Electric was his own theory of leaders 4E. His theory, which is now called â€Å"E to the fourth power†, is for leaders who have huge personal energy, the capability to inspire and energize others, the edge for being competitive and the ability to execute on these attributes (Byrne, 1998). Firstly, 4E leader has energy. Welch notes that the intelligence and decision making ability are not enough for the leaders, they must have source of energy to convert good ideas into measurable performance. This intellectual energy also called ‘emotional energy that helps leaders build the spirit or morale of an organization. Welch believes that passion is more important for 4E leaders than charisma. Having passion, it is something that comes from deep inside said by Welch. Organization needs people that not only want to feel passionate about their job but also willing to sacrifice their personal goal to achieve company goals. The next important task was to switch energy into results. He had a well-known Work-OutTM that focus on the three key goals: bring more productive, self-confidence to the organization and eliminated bureaucracy (Krames 2005, p. 25-28). Welch recognized that bureaucracy was waste, redundant approvals and eliminated competitive spirit of the company so he cut down the organizational structure by removing management layers, dropped unimportant work and made the workplace more relaxed (Krames 2002, p. 5). He believed that people could work more effectively and positively in a cleaner and filter organization where they were given room to grow and expand their abilities. According to Welch, everything could be changed such as the market share, customers of GE, competitive environment and so on. He convinced people to see change as an opportunity rather than a threat. This could be seen as a source of energy that brought effectiveness and productivity to the organization (Krames 2005, p. 32). Moreover, the way to add energy is through encourage and engage people to donate their new ideas. The Welchs Work-Out initiative demonstrated that he tried to build up a forum for employees to speak out their own ideas and present what need to be done directly to the boss in order to make the organization better (Krames 2005, p. 35-37). Welch had turned the hierarchy down to make leaders and followers more close to each other in exchanging work and sharing ideas. Welch had applied successfully transformational leadership theory in his company. He narrowed the distance between leaders and followers and brought motivation and innovation to the workplace environment in order to make organization better. Secondly, 4E leader has to know how to energize people to act and inspire them to perform well in order to achieve organizations goals. Leader requires having confidence and has to instill their confidence into the spirit of organization. One of important keys to energize people to carry out their jobs is to make sure that followers are engaged in jobs (Krames 2005, p. 49-50). Furthermore, leader must know that the key to inspiring is not to micro-manage, but to sketch a few general goals and let people work with them (Krames 2005, p. 53). Welch felt that managers should not try to micro-manage in details. Workers are anxious to make decision when they work in organization with full of micro-managers. By energize people to think and contribute their own ideas, organizations are well-equipped to battle in global business arena (Krames 2002, p. 23). According to Welch, the 4E leader made sure that there is a place for people to present new ideas and grant credit to those who come up wi th best ideas (Krames 2005, p. 57). The last part of energizing puzzle was GEs reward system. Welch introduced reward system called one-currency: GE stock that managers receive its options every year. He confirmed the different amount of stocks based on the different levels of performance. This system helped Welch to tie every managers and employees at GE on the same boat. People have more responsibility when they get their lives involved in the organization. By establishing this system, Welch had increased the productivity across all GE businesses (Krames 2005, p. 62-63). The third E of 4E leader is Edge. Welch noted that leaders with edge had a competitive spirit and recognized the worth of speed. They were confident so that they know the right time to green light or red light project and when to take an acquisition (Krames 2005, p. 75). The great example for leader with edge was when Welch reinvented GE requiring many actions that gone in paradoxical direction. He cut costs heartlessly and deeply on the GE payroll by firing 118,000 people while spending millions on nonproductive things. In a contradiction of business, Welch said that we have to shrink in order to grow; we have to give things up in order to gain things. By reducing jobs and shutting down unproductive factories, the GEs profit margins and inventory turns increased dramatically. Welch proved that he was a leader with edge who doesnt fear to give hard decision (Krames 2005, p. 77-78). The second and third theory of Welchs 4E leader shows that he is a truly transformational leader who en couraged spirit to reach organization goals and increased market growth for the organization. Reference Byrne, J 1998, How Jack Welch runs GE, Business Week cover story, viewed 4 December 2009, . Krames, JA 2002, The Welch Way, McGraw-Hill, New York. Krames, JA 2005, Jack Welch and the 4Es of leadership, McGraw-Hill, New York. Welch, J Welch, S 2008, Jack Welch Biography, The Welch Way, viewed 2, December, 2009, .

Nutritional adventurism Essay

This article is about the effect of the show ‘MasterChef’ on the nutritional adventurism and culinary knowledge of children. The show is a reality game show about cooking, hosted by two chefs. The article explains how the show had appealed to young audiences. ‘MasterChef’, claims the article, has caused an increase in television ratings for the channel from which it is shown. The show has also given children extra culinary knowledge. Now, children are more interested and more critical about what they eat. They also judge their own food and the food prepared by their parents or other people. The show sparked numerous cooking lessons and workshops. Numerous recipes featured on the show have also been downloaded over the internet. Personal Opinion: I always believe that teaching children how to cook will help them in the future. Culinary skills learned early will definitely result to future households where food is a primary concern. MasterChef, and its effects on young audiences illustrates the possibility of making young audiences interested not only in the cooking show but more importantly in the food that they eat. Summary 2: This article is about the Community Gardens program which has three goals; to bring the community and the government together to address nutritional problems, to promote horticultural knowledge and initiate an exchange of indigenous horticultural knowledge, and to create an indigenous garden industry which will give communities livelihood and address their health needs. According to the article, collaboration in the community in horticulture gives the community a sense of food security because gardens are just as important as water systems. The article also illustrates how the program has succeeded in bringing together communities and encouraging innovative ways of horticulture. The fringe benefit of all these is the availability of healthy produce for the communities in which the program was implemented. Personal Opinion: I have confidence in the health benefits of organic and fresh food. The essence of community gardening comes to me not only as a means of providing the opportunity for communities to eat healthy but also the opportunity for communities to value the fruits of community effort. The Community Gardens Program is one such program that fosters fellowship and concern among community members while making healthy food available at the same time. Summary 3: Wangkatjungka is the main focus of this article where the establishment of home vegetable patches was apparently spurred by childrens’ school projects. Many vegetable patches mushroomed all over town because of this and each household began to eat what they produced. This was a very welcome change for the people of Wangkatjungka, second to the community ban on alcohol. According to the article, the establishment of household vegetable patches has made organic and healthier food available for the children and the adults. The article claims that this trend in backyard gardening has contributed so much to the community in that it has vowed to support and continue the project until each household in the community has their own vegetable patch. Personal Opinion: Having your own vegetable patch is such a good idea for me that I might even be starting my own. This article has given me enough new insights to consider the benefits of backyard grown produce and look into the possibility of having my own vegetable garden. I like fresh vegetables, and I like freshly picked organic fruits and vegetables even better. Summary 4: The relationship of diabetes and the eating habits of people is tackled in this article. In it a study by a certain Himsworth is mentioned that showed why third world countries had lesser incidence of diabetes and obesity compared to Western countries. The article attributes this to the kind of food that people eat in these countries; third world countries have more unprocessed carbohydrates and adequate animal protein in their diets than in Western countries. The article also outlines the value of healthy and basic or simpler eating in the control of diabetes and other metabolic disorders. It states that people who eat more plant or fruit based food are less likely to suffer metabolic disorders like diabetes and obesity. Personal Opinion: There are so many metabolic disorders that cause a myriad of health problems nowadays and it is comforting to know that the best weapon against these diseases is simply, basic and healthy eating. I am a believer in the idiom that ‘prevention is better than a cure’ as well as in the motto that ‘it would be better to spend money on healthy food than on medicine. † The insights offered in this article have encouraged me to eat healthier and begin my pursuit of a longer, healthier life. Summary 5: To sum up this entire article, one can simply say that it taunts at the way the judges in the show MasterChef make their judgments and throw snide comments at their contestants. The article purports that the decision of the MasterChef judges are influenced by the aesthetic or visual quality of the food presented and not by palatability of the food. The article implies that the show does not give justice to the way ordinary people cook, rather it insults the cooking skills of ordinary people by showing that cooking on television is not the same as real cooking, and that in the MasterChef kitchen, one doesn’t have to cook delicious food if one can be chefy with the presentation. Personal Opinion: I have seen the show, MasterChef myself and this article seems to have reason to claim that the judges in the show do not necessarily judge according to how ordinary people cook but have begun to become influenced by how one would expect food prepared by a professional chef. I believe that it is the show’s spontaneity and ‘reality’ that gives it its appeal and if the judges fail to remain in these ideals the show will ultimately fail.

The Merchant Of Venice By William Shakespeare - 2046 Words

Essay Abbesath.K Throughout the education system, there seems to be an unofficial consensus that pieces of literature that are deemed â€Å"controversial† should not be taught in school. The Merchant of Venice falls into this category due to the Anti-Semitism which exists within the play making it â€Å"controversial† therefore, banned. On the contrary, this play should not be considered controversial and it should not be banned due to the learning experiences and knowledge that can be gained by reading this play. The contrastive style of literature will provide students and teachers alike who read this play the chance to expand their horizons when it comes to their English skills. With this in mind, The Merchant of Venice written by William†¦show more content†¦Friendship and love is separated by a very fine margin. Choosing between the two is like choosing between being in Mr.Vidulin’s English class and his photography class (it is nearly impossible). However, when the choice between friendship and love is mentioned in the play, it seems as though the answer is obvious. When Bassanio was in the courtroom talking to Antonio, Bassanio makes a statement that shows that he is choosing the side of friendship when it comes to friendship vs love. Antonio says, †But life itself, my wife, and all the world are not with me esteem’d above thy life; I would lose all, ay, sacrifice them all here to this devil, to deliver you.† (IV, i, 291 - 294) Antonio states that he will give up himself, his wife and the world to Shylock if it means that Antonio survives. This shows that he cares more about his relationship with Antonio in comparison to his relationship with Portia. The message which is associated with the topic of friendship vs love is that a healthy balance of both friendship and love is needed to fulfill a person. In the example with Bassanio and Antonio, Bassanio indirectly shows Antonio that there would be no point to his life and h ence the reason as to why he says he will sacrifice his own self. Another major topic touched on in this play is mercy. Mercy can be explained as the power found to show compassion in a state of power. Many of us lack the ability to show mercy, which is a key component of our society. Mercy is shown

The Impact of Globalization on Global Development - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1204 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2018/12/17 Category Economics Essay Type Argumentative essay Level High school Tags: Globalization Essay Information Essay Organization Essay Did you like this example? Globalization Globalization is one of the broadest concepts with a high degree in diversity and different dimension. It is a process of interaction and integration among all people from all background and has been driven by information and technology. The past present and probably the future view globalization as the growth in the sizes of al he systems that is the social, political and economic systems together with the increase in the complexity of interconnectedness of the societal links. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Impact of Globalization on Global Development" essay for you Create order The totality of societal changes gives an overview of globalization processes in that it combines all aspects of life being crowned by technological advancement. Different researchers agree that the contemporary world is characterized by new and intensive processes of globalization with a high level of interconnectedness among the political, economic and social processes. Having been a concept that attracts a lot of analysists, globalization has different impacts that are either agreed upon or disagreed, arguing that globalization is bad while others see it as a positive aspect in life that has lifted countries and societies permanently. In particular, this essay discusses if globalization is good or bad. To begin with, globalization has impacted a lot in the society through its historical transformation. Industrialization is one of the greatests tested transformation that globalization has brought. The core drive of globalization is technology which has given a normal, increasing amount of widening and deepening connection in the cultural, economic, political events that are driven by new technology worldwide. The developing counties, for example, have received high levels of growth through direct foreign investments which have seen a free market and industrial as well as growth I economic rate. Capitalism is also one of the aspects that globalization has expended its importance in different continents and states and here competition has been embraced increasing the growth rate and performance of various industries (Rodrik, Dani pg79). Historically this has the increasing technology has therefore as an aspect of globalization been one of the positive impacts that have been receiving together with the effects of advanced information and technology. Information and sharing of communication through the internet have also enhanced a global village primarily in the business environment and social, cultural interconnectedness. Individual and corporate societies can easily share information that improves the performance of their organizations and firms through social networking. Thus, I believe that all can buy the idea that globalization is inevitable and its impacts are positive. Another good thing that globalization has brought in is the global demand and achievement of democracy and participation. Before the 19th century, there was global colonialization and high rate of slavery and civil war. This was followed by the global spread of social movements, citizen groups and Non-governmental organization that capacitated the citizens and the society of their democratic rights. As such, there was increased participation, and movements spread information where everyone participated leading to a global democratic society. Through media, writings and the internet, an individual can easily share their different opinions concerning the political and democratically happening of the current society (Brown pg2). Such organization like the UN among others have high influence in their member countries, and the integration has enhanced an increased political stability especially in countries that have been characterized by prolonged civil war. Globalization has promoted diversity, understanding and tolerance. Here different cultures and people can appreciate the diversity of other cultures (Scherer pg3). Globalization has enhanced and encouraged sharing of ideas lifestyles and experiences. Today we can understand the practices of different cultures and borrow them as well. Globalization promotes diversity, in that technology, internet and holding of events, today is easy where different cultural practices are held, and this creates unity tolerance and communities can easily embrace each other. Also, globalization promotes awareness. Raising of awareness in all parts of the world is no longer expensive. There are national media stations, social media as well as the internet where people from all walks of life can easily access information. Moreover, in value and volume, trade has sustainably grown over the past fifty years. The global growth rate has increased by 7.4 percent which has been indicated as a positive growth rate in trade. This has been received in the areas of trade based on political and economic areas. Foreign Direct Investment has rapidly been growing with the industrialized countries registering a higher rate. Such countries as Japan, European Union and the United States accounts for the highest global inward foreign globally investment. Bilateral and multilateral relationships geared by globalization have seen the reduction of tariffs on manufactured goods and expanding the production of the good in different counties different from the home countries (Rodrik, Dani pg195). Technological advancements also have lowered the communication costs and the shipping costs which is an advantage to nations and thus reporting improved global trade and economy. Despite the positive impacts that globalization has brought in hand, it can also be termed as bad. This is because the world is increasingly becoming unequal as the distribution of opportunities has become unequal due to technological changes. The gap in income is earning n the society is increasingly widening in that the rich become richer while the poor continue becoming poor. This is associated with such factors as a foreign direct investment which increases profit and capital t those countries that own the means of production and have the capacity to invest and transfer their production and manufacturing industries to other countries without application of tariffs. Employment is also a challenge that has been experienced resulting from the high rate of globalization. Technology has reduced the amount of human labor that is needed to apply in the labor markets which therefore widen the gap of unemployment (Blommaert pg20). Technology through the introduction of machines and computers laid off employees in industries where most individuals relied on for their livelihood. Machine and computers require only one individual to operate them and also analyze data in cases of companies, and this has highly affected the society negatively especially the youths. Globalization as such has been argued as a bad thing in the society. On a finishing note, globalization is inevitable in the contemporary world, and many arguments are for and against globalization. Globalization has helped highlight the worlds most pressing needs and issues together with reinforcing the importance of global sustainable development. Its benefits as outlined in the essay outweigh its negative aspects and in my opinion globalization one of the aspects that nations should be proud of as it benefited all nations worldwide. Despite globalization, it has also caused challenges and nations, therefore, should work towards combating them. Work cited Brown, Garrett Wallace. Globalization is what we make of it: Contemporary globalization theory and the future construction of global interconnection. Political studies review 6.1 (2008): 42-53. Retrieved n 11/9/2017 from https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1478-9299.2007.00144. Blommaert, Jan. The sociolinguistics of globalization. Cambridge University Press, 2010. Rodrik, Dani. One economics, many recipes: globalization, institutions, and economic growth. Princeton University Press, 2008. Scherer, Andreas Georg, Guido Palazzo, and Dirk Matten. Introduction to the special issue: Globalization as a challenge for business responsibilities. Business Ethics Quarterly 19.3 (2009): 327-347. Retrieved on 11/19/2017 from https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/business-ethics-quarterly/article/introduction-to-the-special-issue-globalization-as-a-challenge-for-business-responsibilities/AC817A40B9AE17D284708EAE624C9432